According to Messner and Rosenfield, which societal mentality contributes to crime?

The selection of the "winner takes all mentality" as the correct response aligns with the views of Messner and Rosenfield in their theory of “institutional anomie.” This theory suggests that the emphasis on success and achievement within capitalist societies often leads to a competitive atmosphere where individuals feel pressured to achieve at all costs, which can result in criminal behavior.

In societies where the "winner takes all" philosophy prevails, people might prioritize personal gain over ethical considerations and social norms. This intense focus on economic success can create environments where individuals resort to deviance or illegal activities as a means to achieve their goals when they perceive legitimate avenues for success as blocked or limited.

The other options, such as collectivism, equality, and selflessness, reflect societal values that typically aim to support community well-being and cooperation. These values can help mitigate crime by fostering social bonds and encouraging individuals to consider the impact of their actions on others. In contrast, the "winner takes all" mentality contrasts sharply with these ideals, highlighting how a society that cherishes individual success above all can inadvertently breed criminality.