What is a particular criticism regarding the assumptions made by Carlen and Heidensohn?

The criticism that Carlen and Heidensohn neglect the role of social structures is rooted in their focus on individual-level explanations for women's crime. While both sociologists provide valuable insights into how gendered socialization and individual circumstances influence women's engagement in crime, critics argue that they may not adequately account for the wider social and structural factors that contribute to criminal behavior. These factors include socioeconomic conditions, systemic inequalities, and institutional forces that shape an individual's opportunities and choices. By downplaying the significance of these structural influences, their analyses might overlook the complex interplay between individuals and the societal context in which they operate, thereby offering a less comprehensive understanding of female criminality.

Other options focus on different facets of their work but do not capture this specific critique. They do not center on the social structures that affect individuals. For instance, while discussing individual accountability or focusing solely on female perspectives might highlight important aspects of their theories, those elements do not directly address the broader social context that influences crime, which is at the heart of this particular criticism.