Who is credited with introducing the concept of broken windows theory?

The broken windows theory, which suggests that visible signs of disorder and misbehavior in an environment can lead to an increase in crime, is credited to James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling. Their influential 1982 article outlined how neglect and disorder in communities can create an atmosphere where more serious crime can flourish, as it signals to potential offenders that laws are not actively enforced. This concept was foundational in influencing policing strategies and urban policies aimed at maintaining public order. The theory emphasizes the importance of addressing minor offenses to prevent more serious crimes, highlighting the interconnection between social environment and crime rates.